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John Parricida
John Parricida ((ドイツ語:Johann Parricida)) or John the Parricide (see: Parricide), also called John of Swabia (''Johann von Schwaben''), (ca. 1290 – 13 December 1312/13) was the son of the Habsburg duke Rudolf II of Austria. By killing his uncle King Albert I of Germany he foiled the first attempt of the Habsburg dynasty to install a hereditary monarchy in the Holy Roman Empire.
==Life==
John was born shortly before or after the death of his father Rudolf II, the younger son of King Rudolf I of Germany. His mother was Agnes (''Anežka'') of Bohemia, daughter of the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia. Consequently, he was a grandson of both a King of the Romans and a King of Bohemia. He passed his early days at the Bohemian court and the town of Brugg in the Swabian home territory of the Habsburgs, where he is mentioned as titular duke in a 1294 deed.
As John's father had been forced to waive his right to the Habsburg duchies of Austria and Styria in favour of his elder brother Albert I according to the 1283 Treaty of Rheinfelden, he felt deprived of his inheritance. When he came of age he demanded a portion of the family estates from his uncle, who had finally prevailed in the election as King of the Romans against Adolph of Nassau in 1298. His wishes however were not gratified nor did he receive any of the compensations in the Swabian territories of Further Austria, awarded to his father by the Rheinfelden Treaty. In 1306 King Albert even placed his son Duke Rudolf III on the Bohemian throne, denying his nephew's right of inheritance. Thereupon John, mocked as "Duke Lackland" (''Hertzog Anlant''), with several companions of Swabian nobility formed a plan to murder the king.
A Habsburg family banquet in Winterthur, held by Albert on the evening of 30 April 1308, gave rise to a scandal, when the invitee John rejected a floral wreath offered by his uncle, exclaiming that he won't let himself be fobbed off with flowers. The next day King Albert on his way home became separated from his attendants when crossing the Reuss River near Windisch, and was at once attacked by John and his conspirators. John rode toward his uncle and split his skull without a word. He escaped the vengeance of Albert's sons, and from that point his fate remained unknown. In the same year the prince-electors chose the Luxembourg count Henry VII as Albert's successor, who placed John under the imperial ban (''Reichsacht''). John allegedly fled to Italy and found refuge in a Pisa monastery, where in 1313 he is said to have been visited by Emperor Henry VII. After the defeat of Albert's son Frederick the Fair at the 1322 Battle of Mühldorf, the Habsburg dynasty was not able to regain the Imperial crown until the election of King Albert II of Germany in 1438.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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